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Equi-joins page 1

The joins that we considered earlier and which predominate in the examples of this e-book are called join on predicate.

The syntax of this kind of join is:

  1. Table_1 < JOIN type > JOIN  Table_2 ON < predicate >

where

 join type := [INNER] | [OUTER]{LEFT | RIGHT | FULL}

These compounds are the most common; any logical expression can be used as a predicate. It is for this reason that all dialects support this kind of connection.

A special, but often used, join is an equi-join, the case where the predicate is the equality of values ​​in the columns of the tables which are joining.

In this case, the equality columns often have the same names, because the tables that are associated with the foreign key participate in the join. However, the latter is not important, because We can rename the columns when needed.

So, for this special case of join - the equi-joining over columns with the same names - there are separate syntactic forms of the join: a natural join and a join been using column names.

Natural join

  1. Table_1 NATURAL < JOIN type > JOIN  Table_2

There are not predicate here, because it is implied, namely the pairwise equality of all columns with the same names in both tables. For example, if each of joining tables include columns a and b, then the natural join

  1. Table_1 NATURAL INNER JOIN  Table_2
is equivalent to the following join on predicate:

  1. Table_1 INNER JOIN  Table_2 ON Table_1.a = Table_2.a AND Table_1.b = Table_2.b

   In addition in the case of natural join, duplicates of columns having the same names will be excluded from the result. Compare, for example, the results of following queries (Airport database)

Console
Execute
  1. SELECT * FROM Pass_in_trip
  2.     JOIN Passenger ON Pass_in_trip.id_psg = Passenger.id_psg
  3. WHERE trip_no=1123;

trip_no   date    id_psg    place    id_psg    name
1123    2003-04-05 00:00:00    3    2a    3    Kevin Costner
1123    2003-04-08 00:00:00    1    4c    1    Bruce Willis
1123    2003-04-08 00:00:00    6    4b    6    Ray Liotta
and

  1. SELECT * FROM Pass_in_trip
  2.     NATURAL JOIN Passenger
  3. WHERE trip_no=1123;

id_psg    trip_no    date    place    name
6    1123    2003-04-08 00:00:00    4b    Ray Liotta
3    1123    2003-04-05 00:00:00    2a    Kevin Costner
1    1123    2003-04-08 00:00:00    4c    Bruce Willis

Presented results show that the id_psg column participating in join, does not repeat for a natural join.

Among the DBMS available on the site sql-ex.ru, only SQL Server does not support a natural join. If you want to get practice with a natural join, choose  PostgreSQL or MySQL in the console.

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